篇一：英语句子成分分析相关练习
英语句子成分分析相关练习
分析下列句子的句子结构
1. we are working.。
2. I can swim very well.
3. The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me.
4. Why does the wind blow?
5. The rain has been pulling down for a whole day.
6. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
7. Jim asked you to give his best wishes to everyone.
8. You must get the car ready by tomorrow.
9. I have a lot of clothes to wash.
10. He gave his son some advice on reading.
11. Read me the first paragraph.
12. I’ve ordered some soup for you.
13. He began leaning English ten years ago.
14. My being late worried my teacher.
15. The president himself would visit our school.
16. April fool’ Day is the special day of the year
17. He usually takes a nap after lunch.
18. I got it back at once.
19. He finished lunch and went into the garden.
20. The telephone rang.
21. We study hard.
22. His father might have died.
23. Will you leave the door open/ unclosed
24. Can you make the dog stand still?
25. The landlord had them working day and night.
26. A sound knowledge of grammar is important to good writing.
27. We all breathe, eat, and drink.
28. I woke up at 6:00 in the morning.
29. The book weighs five kilos.
30. They will be flying to London.
1. We are working.主系表
2. I can swim very well.主谓
3. The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me.主谓双宾/主谓宾状
4. Why does the wind blow?
风为什么会吹？主谓
5. The rain has been pulling down for a whole day.
雨已经下了一整天了。主谓
6. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.主谓宾
7. Jim asked you to give his best wishes to everyone.主谓宾补
8. You must get the car ready by tomorrow.主谓宾补
9. I have a lot of clothes to wash. 主谓宾，to wash做clothes的定语
10. He gave his son some advice on reading.主谓双宾
11. Read me the first paragraph.主谓双宾
12. I’ve ordered some soup for you.主谓双宾/主谓宾状
13. He began leaning English ten years ago.主谓宾
14. My being late worried my teacher.
我的迟到让我的老师很担心。主谓宾，动名词短语My being late做主语
15. The president himself would visit our school.
总统将亲自参观我们的学校。主谓宾
16. April fool’Day is the special day of the year
愚人节是一年中很特别的一天。主系表
17. He usually takes a nap after lunch.
他通常在午饭之后要小睡一会儿。主谓宾
18. I got it back at once.主谓宾
19. He finished lunch and went into the garden.
他吃完午饭后去了花园。主+并列谓语
20. The telephone rang.主谓
21. We study hard.主谓
22. His father might have died.
他的父亲可能已经去世了。主谓
23. Will you leave the door open/ unclosed?
你要把门开着？主谓宾补
24. Can you make the dog stand still?
你能让那只狗站着不动吗？主谓宾补
25. The landlord had them working day and night.
地主让他们整天工作，主谓宾补
26. A sound knowledge of grammar is important to good writing.
扎实的语法知识对于写作是重要的。主系表
27. We all breathe, eat， and drink.
我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。主谓
28. I woke up at 6:00 in the morning。
我在早上6点钟起床。主谓
29. The book weighs five kilos.
那本书重达10斤。主谓，five kilos做状语
30. They will be flying to London.
他们将飞往伦敦。主谓宾
综合练习二
Exercises:分析下列句子的句子结构
31. The shop assistant found some certain materials for me.
32. He promised me a new English-Chinese dictionary.
33. Please pass a newly- published to me.
34. He lived in Guang Zhou.
35. The father is showing the boy how to plant trees.
36. His uncle left him some money.
37. She has taught us English for 3 years.
38. I like popular music.
39. She knows what to do next.
40. I hate arriving late.
41. The meeting starts at three.
42. My heart is beating loudly.
43. Tom’s birthday is two weeks away.
44. He told me the news by telephone.
45. There are many people in the room.
46. He isn’t as tall as his brother.
47. I have a new sweater.
48. It is important to learn a foreign language now.
49. Trees turn green in spring.
50. He wants to be a doctor.
51. He refused to help me.
52. My teacher advises me to read English every day.
综合练习二 答案
31. The shop assistant found some certain materials for me. 那个店员为我找到一些材料。主谓双宾/主谓宾状
32. He promised me a new English-Chinese dictionary. 他许诺说要给我一本新英汉字典。主谓双宾
33. Please pass a newly- published to me.
请递给我一本新出版的。主谓双宾/主谓宾状
34. He lived in Guang Zhou.
他住在广州。主谓宾
35. The father is showing the boy how to plant trees. 那位父亲正在给那个男孩演示怎么种树。主谓双宾
36. His uncle left him some money.
他的叔叔留给了他一些钱。主谓双宾
37. She has taught us English for 3 years.
她已经教我们英语三年了。主谓双宾
38. I like popular music.
我喜欢流行音乐。主谓宾
39. She knows what to do next.
她知道下一步怎么做。主谓双宾
40. I hate arriving late.
我讨厌来晚。主谓双宾
41. The meeting starts at three.
会议在三点开始。主谓
42. My heart is beating loudly.
我的心跳的很厉害。主谓
43. Tom’s birthday is two weeks away.
汤姆的生日是在两星期之后。主系表
44. He told me the news by telephone.
他是通过电话告诉我那个消息的。主谓双宾
45. There are many people in the room.
房间里有很多人。There be句型
46. He isn’t as tall as his brother.
他和他的哥哥不一样高。主系表
47. I have a new sweater.
我有一件新运动衣。主谓宾
48. It is important to learn a foreign language now. 现在去学一们外语是非常重要的。主系表
49. Trees turn green in spring.
树木在春天变成绿色。主系表
50. He wants to be a doctor.
他要成为一个医生。主谓宾
51. He refused to help me.
他拒绝帮助我。主谓宾
52. My teacher advises me to read English every day. 我的老师建议我每天读英语。主谓宾补
综合练习三
Exercises:分析下列句子的句子结构
61.The girl is about ten years old．
62 .was doing my homework at nine yesterday evening．
63.My mother told me an interesting story．
64.The summer holidays will begin next week．
65.There was a strong wind．
66.One of the windows is broken．
67.I heard him singing in the room．
68. The students got on the school bus.
69. He handed me the newspaper.
70. I shall answer your question after class.
71. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
72. They went hunting together early in the morning.
73. His job is to train swimmers.
74. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
75. There is going to be an American film tonight.
76. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
77. His wish is to become a scientist.
78. He managed to finish the work in time.
79. Tom came to ask me for advice.
80. He found it important to master English.
81. Do you have anything else to say?
82. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.
83. Would you please tell me your address?
84. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
85. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
86. He noticed a man enter the room.
87. The apples tasted sweet.
88. The sun was shining.
89. The moon rose.
90. The universe remains
综合练习三 答案
61.The girl is about ten years old．
那个女孩大约十岁了。主系表
62. I was doing my homework at nine yesterday evening． 昨天晚上9点钟我正在做我的家庭作业。主谓宾
63.My mother told me an interesting story．
我妈妈给我讲了一个有趣的故事。主谓双宾
64.The summer holidays will begin next week． 暑假将会在下周开始。主谓
65.There was a strong wind．
风真大呀！There be句型
66.One of the windows is broken．
有一扇窗户打破了。主谓
篇二：英语句子结构分析基础及练习
句子成分
什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一： Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓）
二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）
四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
基本句型 一：Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓）
主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！
谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
Ｓ │ Ｖ （不及物动词）
1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains.宇宙长存。
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢？
6. What he said │does not matter.他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。
基本句型 二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻 Ｓ │Ｖ（是系动词）│ Ｐ
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。 3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。 4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。 5. He │is growing │tall and strong.他长得又高又壮
6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
7. Our well │has gone │dry.我们井干枯了。 8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。
There be 结构： There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。此结构后跟名词，表示‘（存在）有某事物’
试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。）/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词‘那里’。
基本句型 三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等
Ｓ │Ｖ（及物动词）│ Ｏ
1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案？ 2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。
3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。 4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。
5. They │ate │what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。 6. He │said │"Good morning." 他说："早上好！" 7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误。
基本句型 四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea, please.
强调间接宾语顺序为：动词 + 直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如： Show this house to Mr. Smith.
若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+ 代词直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如：Bring it to me, please.
Ｓ │Ｖ（及物）│ ｏ（多指人） │ Ｏ（多指物）
1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。 2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。
3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。 4. He │denies │her │nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。 5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我给他看我的照片 6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。
7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。 8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。
基本句型 五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。
名词/代词宾格 + 名词
The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士. 名词/代词宾格 + 形容词
New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语
I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作.名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式
The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户.
名词/代词宾格 + 分词
I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路. Ｓ │Ｖ（及物）│ Ｏ（宾语） │ Ｃ（宾补）
1. They │appointed │him │manager. 他们任命他当经理。 2. They │painted │the door │green. 他们把门漆成绿色 3. This │set │them │thinking. 这使得他们要细想一想。
4. They │found │the house │deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住。 5. What │makes │him │think so? 他怎么会这样想？ 6. We │saw │him │out. 我们送他出去
7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。
8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。
但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。我们称之为：定语、状语
一、 定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some, any, every, no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。 形容词作定语：
The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。
Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。 There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。 数词作定语相当于形容词：
Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。 The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。
There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。代词或名词所有格作定语：
His boy needs Tom\'s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。 His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。
There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。介词短语作定语：
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。 There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。 名词作定语：
The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。 It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。
There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。 副词作定语：
The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。 The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。不定式作定语：
The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。 The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。 There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。分词（短语）作定语：
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。 There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。定语从句：
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。
There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。二、状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。
状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。
有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义，应注意，如：The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘（此时in the classroom为girl的定语），也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’（此时in the classroom为地点状语），最好写作‘In the classroom, the boy calls the girl.\'
副词（短语）作状语：
The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。（程度状语） The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。（宾语较长则状语前置）
The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）
The boy needs a pen now./Now, the boy needs a pen./The boy, now, needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。（时间状语）
介词短语作状语：In the classroom, the boy needs a pen./在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语）
Before his mother, Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)
On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)
分词（短语）作状语：
He sits there, asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态） Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因状语）
Frightened, he sits there soundlessly./（因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语）不定式作状语：
The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语）
To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.名词作状语：
Come this way!/走这条路！（方向状语）状语从句：
时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句
三、同位语：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如：
We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’）
We all are students. / (all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’）
四、独立成分：有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为句子独立成分(注意：区别于分词独立结构)。 感叹词：oh, hello, aha, ah,等。 肯定词yes 否定词no
称呼语：称呼人的用语。
插入语：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。
如: The story, I think, has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.
情态词,表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全句的状语）:perhaps也许,maybe大概,actually实际上,certainly当然，等。
五、分词独立结构：分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。 例：
错句：Studying hard, your score will go up.
正确：(1) Studying hard, you can make your score go up. 或 (2)If you study hard, your score will go up.
解析：错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语，则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，既your score . 显然做study的应是人，不应是your score（分数）. 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了). 分词独立结构常省略being, having been.不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略. 如：
Game (being) over, he went home.
He stands there, book (being) in hand. 独立结构还可用with、without引导，作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词，还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。 如：
With nothing to do, he fell asleep soon./无事可做，他很快就睡着了。 The teacher came in, with glasses on his nose./老师进来了，戴着一付眼镜。（注意，此句on his nose不可省略！）
句子成分练习题( 一 )
(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分， 4分钟）
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. (二) 选出句中谓语的中心词（10分， 10分钟） ① I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don'tB. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
A. get B. longerC. daysD. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus?
A. DoB. usuallyC. go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?
A. Did B. twins C. haveD. breakfast
⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
A. Tom B. didn't C. doD. his homework ⑦ What I want to tell you is this.
A. want B. to tell C. you D. is ⑧ We had better send for a doctor.
A. WeB. had C. sendD. doctor ⑨ He is interested in music.
A. is B. interested C. inD. music ⑩ Whom did you give my book to?
A. give B. did C. whom D. book (三) 挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟） ① My brother hasn't done his homework. ② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. ④ How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. ⑦ They made him monitor of the class.
⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. ⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.
⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is. (四) 挑出下列句中的表语（5分， 5分钟） ① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim? ③ The leaves have turned yellow.
④ Soon They all became interested in the subject. ⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
(五) 挑出下列句中的定语（6分，6分钟） ① They use Mr. and Mrs. with the family name. ② What is your given name?
③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. ⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep. ⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分， 6分钟）
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
② He asked her to take the boy out of school. ③ She found it difficult to do the work. ④ They call me Lily sometimes. ⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now? (七) 挑出下列句中的状语（8分， 8分钟） ① There was a big smile on her face.
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven. ④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. ⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.
⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.
⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. (八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分， 5分钟） ① Please tell us a story.
② My father bought a new bike for me last week. ③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. ④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. ⑤ Did he leave any message for me?
句子成分练习题( 二 )
指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分： depend on the weather .
2. People’s standards of living 5.I’ll return the book 8.There are many film
篇三：英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案
句子结构及成分
① 相关概念
1. 词性的英文缩写
He listens to the music every day. (listen为不及物动词，而汉语中“听”是及物动词。)
在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。如果
我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话， 指出下列句中斜体动词是及物动词还是不及物动我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时词，及物动词填vt.，不及物填vi.。 一定要把单词词性记准记牢。 考点1. Most birds can fly.（） 缩写字母 原词代表词性 考点2. The children are flying kites in the park. ( ) n.v.vt.vi.modal v. aux. v. adj.adv.num. interj. pron.prep. art. conj
noun verb transitive verb intransitive verb modal verb auxiliary verb adjectiveadverb numeralinterjection pronoun preposition articleconjunction
名词 动词
及物动词 不及物动词 情态动词 助动词 形容词 副词 数词 感叹词 代词 介词 冠词 连词
考点3. It happened yesterday.（ ） 考点4. My watch stopped.（ ）
考点5. The baby stopped crying when he saw his
mother. () 考点6. She spoke at the meeting this morning. （ ） 考点7. Shall I begin at once?（ ）
考点8. She began working as a teacher after she left
school.（ ）（ ） 考点9. When did they leave Beijing?（ ） 考点10. They left last week. （） 3. 实义动词、助动词与情态动词
实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。
2. 及物动词和不及物动词
实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。实义动词 实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物
指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。动词。
如： The door opened.
He lives quite near. (live“住”，有明确的意义，单独(open后面没跟宾语，此时，open是不及物动词。)
作谓语，为实义动词。) He opened the door.
(open后面有宾语the door, 此时，open是及物动词。) I like reading. （like “喜欢”，意思明确，单独作谓
语，为实义动词。） 注意：英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，
I bought a pen yesterday. （bought “买”，意义明确，关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。
单独作谓语，为实义动词。）
有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义
助动词 相同。如：
The meeting began at six. < vi.> 助动词的“助”是“帮助”之意。因此，助动词是We began the meeting at six. < vt.>
指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问
有(答疑qq 329950885)些动词既可作及物动词又可句、否定句、倒装句和帮助强调的词。这些词本身作不及物动词，但词义不同。如： 无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独作谓语。 The man walked away. (walk不及物动词，意为“走”)
帮助构成时态的：
He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物动词，“遛”)
The boy is crying.(is 用来帮助构成现在进行时，和
She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词，“洗”)
crying一起作谓语，是助动词。)
The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词，“耐洗”)
He has arrived. (has用来帮助构成现在完成时，和
英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物，可能与汉语不arrived一起作谓语，是助动词。) 同。 I have been painting all day. （have been用来帮助构成
现在完成进行时，和painting一起作谓语，都是助动词。） 帮助构成否定句和疑问句的：
Does he like English? (does帮助构成一般疑问句，没有具体意义，是助动词。)
He doesn’t have lunch at home. (does只是帮助构成否定句，没有具体意义，是助动词。)
帮助构成被动语态的
Trees are planted in spring. (are帮助构成被动语态，没有具体意义，是助动词。)
The house has been pulled down. (has been帮助构成时态和语态，是助动词。)
帮助构成虚拟语气
If he had come yesterday, I wouldn’t have made such a mistake.(had, have帮助构成虚拟语气，是助动词，属于谓语的一部分。)
帮助构成倒装句的
So did he love his mother that he bought her many presents on her birthday.
(他如此爱他的母亲以至于他母亲生日那一天，他给她买了许多礼物。did只是帮助构成倒装句，没有具体意义，是助动词。)
帮助构成强调意义的
He did come yesterday. (他昨天确实来过。did起强调作用，没有具体意义，是助动词。)
因此可以看出，常见的助动词为do, be, have，它们为基本助动词。
一个词既可以作实义动词也可以作助动词，具体是哪一种，主要看它们在句中的功能。
He did his homework at seven o’clock.(did单独作谓语，意为“做”，是实义动词。)
Did he do his homework yesterday? (did是助动词，帮助构成一般疑问句，do是实义动词，意为“做”，是实义动词。)
He has had breakfast. (has是助动词，帮助构成现在完成时，(答疑qq 329950885)had是实义动词，意为“吃”。has had一起构成了句子的谓语。)
指出下列斜体单词是实义动词还是助动词。
i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii.
Does () he like ( ) swimming? He does () like ( ) swimming. Where does() he live ( )?
He does () some washing after work. He has () had () supper already. The bridge has() been() built() now.
I have () been ()waiting() for you all day.
He was () struck () by a stone.
情态动词
情态动词同助动词一样，不能单独作谓语，要和实义动词一起作谓语。因此，情态动词也称为情态助动词。情态动词同基本助动词的区别在于，基本助动词本身无意义，而情态动词有自己的意义。如：
He can swim across the river.(can的词义为“能够”) You must stay at home. (must词义为“必须”) I might leave tomorrow.（might的词义为“或许”） （具体用法参看P. 错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。） 4. 谓语和非谓语
在英语中，一个主谓结构中只能有一个谓语，再出现动词时，要变成非谓语形式，即：在前面加to构成动词不定式，或在后面加-ing构成动名词或现在分词，或在后面加-ed构成过去分词。也就是说，非谓语是指：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。 先找出句中的谓语，然后改正句中的错误，并说明原因。
考点1. Get up early is good for our health.
早起有利于我们的身体健康。 考点2. I want go home now. 我现在想回家。 考点3. My favorite sport is play football.
我最喜爱的运动是踢足球。 考点4. There is a bird sings in the tree.
有一只鸟正在树上唱歌。 考点5. The boy sits over there likes singing.
坐在那边的那个男孩喜欢唱歌。
考点6. The house was built last year has been sold out.
去年建的那座房子已经出售了。 考点7. The girls are singing over there are my
classmates.
在那边唱歌的那些女孩是我的同学。 考点8. My parents wanted him work hard.
我父母亲想让他努力学习。 考点9. I remember saw him that day.
我记得那天看见过他。 10. I saw him walked into the building. 我看到他跑进那座建筑物。 5. 主动关系和被动关系 先看下面两个题：
1. ______ wonderful, this kind of food enjoyed a good
sale.
A. Tasted B. Being tasted C. TastingD. Having tasted 2. The food ______ delicious sells well. A. smells B. smelled
C. smelling
D. is smelling
一些同学分别选A和B。他们说，食物是被品尝、被闻的，和食物构成被动关系，所以要用过去分词。 这种说法是错误的。
在我们学习语法的过程中，我们可能会听说“复
合宾语”、“动名词的复合结构”和“动词不定式的复合结构”。
实际上，这几个“复合”，都有“逻辑上的主谓关系”之意。如：
非谓语中的主动关系和被动关系，不是从谁做了这
He invited us to come to the party.
个动作着眼，而是从恢复成一句话后是“主动语态”
(us是宾语，to come to the party是宾语补足语；宾语和
还是“被动语态”着眼。
宾语补足语合在一起称为复合宾语。宾语和宾语补足
主动关系： 语是逻辑上的主谓关系。)
从逻辑关系上看，相当于主动语态。如：The boy It’s important for us to learn English well.
crying over there is Tom.(在那边哭的那个男孩) 从逻(it是形式主语，真正的主语是for us to learn English 辑上讲，the boy…cry, 男孩哭，相当于主动语态，是well。“us”是“to learn English well”的逻辑主语，二主动关系。 者构成了逻辑上的主谓关系。for somebody to do 被动关系：
从逻辑关系上看，相当于被动语态。如：The house built (答疑qq 329950885) last year is the strongest.(去年建的那座房子) 从逻辑上讲，the house was built,房子被建，相当于被动语态，是被动关系。 在上两题中，逻辑关系可以表达为：This kind of food tasted wonderful. The food smells delicious. 逻辑上food和taste、smell是一种主谓关系，是主动语态，因此填现在分词。
因此，上两题的答案为C和C。 6. 逻辑上的主谓关系
在判断是否是宾语补足语时，一般说，“宾语和宾语补足语构成逻辑上的主谓关系”。一些同学对这句话不理解。如：
.他让我借给他一些钱。
something是动词不定式的复合结构。)
It’s very kind of you to help me.（of you to help me也是动词不定式的复合结构。与for somebody to do something的区别参看P. 错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。，you和to help me构成了逻辑上的主谓关系。） Tom’s coming late made our teacher angry.(Tom迟到使我们老师生气。coming是动名词，Tom’s coming late是动名词的复合结构。Tom是coming late的逻辑主语，二者是逻辑上的主谓关系。) 8. 没有人称和数的变化
先看下列三组句中have、do和be的变化形式 I have a book He has a book. They have a book.
I enjoy watching TV.
“me”是宾语，“me to lend him some money”意为You enjoy watching TV. “我借给他一些钱”。从意思上看，这像一句话，“我”We enjoy watching TV. 是主语，“借给他一些钱”是谓语部分，但在英语原句 He is sleeping. 中，它们却不是真正的主谓关系。因此可以说“逻辑I am sleeping.
They are sleeping.
上的主谓关系”，是指，从意思上看像主谓关系，而实
“人称的变化”是指：谓语动词用什么形式，受前际上不是。“to lend him some money”是宾语补足语。
面主语是第几人称的影响。主语同为单数（表示一个人）， be在第一人称I后用am, 在you后用are, 在 判断下列句中画线部分是否是宾语补足语。(是的
he后用is; do和have在一、二人称后用原形，在第填T，不是的填F)
三人称后用为does, has。 写作专练1. I want him to come at once. ( ) 写作专练2. 写作专练3. 写作专练4.
( )
写作专练5.
Don’t leave the door open at night. ( ) He lent me some money. ( ) He made the boy cry again. ( )
The teacher found him cheating in the exam.
“数”是指“单数和复数”。“数的变化”是指谓语动词用什么形式，还受前面主语是单数还是复数的影响。如果主语是复数，be要用are的形式，do和have用原形。如果主语是第三人称单数，be用is, do和have要用does和has。
情态动词没有人称和数的变化。如： He / I / We can swim.
7. 复合结构
② 句子成分
英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。 1. 划分句子成分时的常用符号 英语中划分句子成分的符号 主语在下面画直线 在下面画曲线 在下面画双横线
在下面画虚线 （一行点使我们想到一
排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”） 下面为短横线 （短横线使我们想到短
木桩，木桩撞（状）钟）
补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是
为了弥补上面短横间的空隙）上下双曲线，（虽都有曲折，上下位臵
基本相同
That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill.
正确运用主语的各种形式（P. 错误！未定义书签。) Beyond the mountains lie a small village.
Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot. Play basketball is my favorite sport. Give up English is not an option.
3. 谓语
谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下：
简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： 复合谓语：
由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如：
2. 主语 the book for two weeks.
He
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，
My sister 通常由名词性的词来充当。 I 可以作主语的词性或语法结构： I1.名词 2.代词 3.数词 4.名词化的形容词（如the
由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要
rich）5.不定式 6.动名词 7.主语从句等表示。
和表语一起作谓语。如： We 在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充
Your idea 当。
① During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. ② We often speak English in class.
③ One-third of the students in this class are girls. ④ To swim in the river is a great pleasure. ⑤ Smoking does harm to the health. ⑥ The rich should help the poor.
⑦ When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. ⑧ It is necessary to master a foreign language. ⑨ That he isn’t at home is not true.
改正下列句中的错误，并说明原因。
He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped out.
4. 表语
表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）(答疑qq 329950885)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。 a) Our teacher of English is an American. b) Is it yours?
c) The weather has turned cold. d) The speech is exciting. e) Three times seven is twenty one. f)
His job is to teach English.
g) His hobby（爱好）is playing football. h) The machine must be under repairs. i)
The truth is that he has never been abroad.
短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
在英语中，许多情况下，定语是放在所修饰词后面的，这点与汉语习惯不同，也是许多同学不能读懂长句的主要原因。
a) 副词用作定语一般要后臵。 那儿的人们) He didn’（楼下的那个人）
b) 形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。 单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前，而形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。 （我旁边的那个人）
c) 介词短语作定语时要后臵。
（树下的那个男孩） （我们班最高的那个男孩）
d) 现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式
作定语常后臵。 直译：我有要说的话) （在那边哭的那个男孩）
（去年建的那座房子）
5. 宾语
宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语，分别构成动宾结构和介词结构。
画出下列句中的宾语, 并说明由什么充当。 They planted many trees yesterday.
(How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. I wanted to buy a car.
I enjoy listening to popular music. I think（that）he is fit for his office. 6. 宾语补足语
英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语补足语和(答疑qq 329950885)宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 用下画线画出下列句中的宾语补足语，并指出是什么词充当，同时体会宾补和宾语之间的逻辑关系。
His father named him Dongming. They painted their boat white. Let the fresh air in.
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. We saw her entering the room.
We found everything in the lab in good order. We will soon make our city what your city is now. I want your homework done on time. 7. 主补
对主语的补充。含有宾语补足语的句子在变成被动语态，宾语作主语时，原来的宾补就成了主语补足语。
He was elected monitor.
She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 8. 定语
定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、
口头翻译下列句子，用下画线标出定语部分，留意定语的位臵，并说明定语是由什么词性或结构充当。 ① The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.
② The woman with a baby in her arms is his mother. ③ We need a place twice larger than this one. ④ She carried a basket full of eggs. ⑤ It’s a book worth no more than one dollar. ⑥ It’s a city far from the coast. ⑦ He has money enough to buy a car. ⑧ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
⑨ There are lots of places of interest needing repairing in our city. ⑩ Tigers belonging to meat-eating animals feed on meat. ? A boy calling himself John wanted to see you. ? He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the way back home. ? There are many clothes to be washed.
? Most of the singers invited to the party were from America.
《
英语句子成分练习》
由：
建材加盟网互联网用户整理提供,链接地址：
http://m.yuan0.cn/a/12094.html
转载请保留,谢谢!