DBA常用Sql语句 本文简介：
查看表空间的名称及大小:SQL>selectt.tablespace_name,round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0)ts_sizefromdba_tablespacest,dba_data_filesdwheret.tablespace_name=d.tablespace_
DBA常用Sql语句 本文内容：
查看表空间的名称及大小:
SQL>select
t.tablespace_name,
round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0)
ts_size
from
dba_tablespaces
t,
dba_data_files
d
where
t.tablespace_name
=
d.tablespace_name
group
by
t.tablespace_name;
?
查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小:
SQL>select
tablespace_name,
file_id,
file_name,round(bytes/(1024*1024),0)
total_space
from
dba_data_files
order
by
tablespace_name;
?
查看回滚段名称及大小:
SQL>select
segment_name,
tablespace_name,
r.status,
(initial_extent/1024)
InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024)
NextExtent,
max_extents,
v.curext
CurExtent
From
dba_rollback_segs
r,
v$rollstat
v
Where
r.segment_id
=
v.usn(+)
order
by
segment_name;
?
如何查看某个回滚段里面，跑的什么事物或者正在执行什么sql语句:
SQL>select
d.sql_text,a.name
from
v$rollname
a,v$transaction
b,v$session
c,v$sqltext
d
where
a.usn=b.xidusn
and
b.addr=c.taddr
and
c.sql_address=
d.address
and
c.sql_hash_value=d.hash_value
and
a.usn=1;
(备注：你要看哪个，就把usn=?写成几就行了)
?
查看控制文件:
SQL>select
*
from
v$controlfile;
?
查看日志文件:
SQL>
col
member
format
a50
SQL>select
*
from
v$logfile;
?
如何查看当前SQL*PLUS用户的sid和serial#:
SQL>select
sid,
serial#,
status
from
v$session
where
audsid=userenv("sessionid");
?
如何查看当前数据库的字符集:?
SQL>select
userenv("language")
from
dual;
SQL>select
userenv("lang")
from
dual;
?
怎么判断当前正在使用何种SQL优化方式:
用explain
plan产生EXPLAIN
PLAN，检查PLAN_TABLE中ID=0的POSITION列的值。
SQL>select
decode(nvl(position,-1),-1,"RBO",1,"CBO")
from
plan_table
where
id=0;
?
如何查看系统当前最新的SCN号：
SQL>select
max(ktuxescnw
*
power(2,32)
+
ktuxescnb)
from
x$ktuxe;
?
?
在ORACLE中查找TRACE文件的脚本:
SQL>select
u_dump.value
||
"/"
||
instance.value
||
"_ora_"
||
v$process.spid
||
nvl2(v$process.traceid,?
"_"
||
v$process.traceid,
null
)
||
".trc""Trace
File"
from
v$parameter
u_dump
cross
join
v$parameter
instance
cross
join
v$process
join
v$session
on
v$process.addr
=
v$session.paddr
where
u_dump.name
=
"user_dump_dest"
and
instance.name
=
"instance_name"
and
v$session.audsid=sys_context("userenv","sessionid");
?
SQL>select
d.value
||
"/ora_"
||
p.spid
||
".trc"
trace_file_name
from
(select
p.spid
from
sys.v_$mystat
m,sys.v_$session
s,
sys.v_$process
p
where
m.statistic#
=
1
and
s.sid
=
m.sid
and
p.addr
=
s.paddr)
p,(select
value
from
sys.v_$parameter
where
name
="user_dump_dest")
d;
?
如何查看客户端登陆的IP地址:
SQL>select
sys_context("userenv","ip_address")
from
dual;
?
如何在生产数据库中创建一个追踪客户端IP地址的触发器：
SQL>create
or
replace
trigger
on_logon_trigger
after
logon
on
database
begin
?
dbms_application_info.set_client_info(sys_context("userenv",
"ip_address"));
end;
?
查询当前日期:
SQL>
select
to_char(sysdate,"yyyy-mm-dd,hh24:mi:ss")
from
dual;
?
查看所有表空间对应的数据文件名：
SQL>select
distinct
file_name,tablespace_name,AUTOEXTENSIBLE
from
dba_data_files;
?
查看表空间的使用情况:
SQL>select
sum(bytes)/(1024*1024)
as
free_space,tablespace_name
from
dba_free_space
group
by
tablespace_name;
?
SQL>SELECT
A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES
TOTAL,B.BYTES
USED,
C.BYTES
FREE,
(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES
"%
USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES
"%
FREE"
FROM
SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL
A,SYS.SM$TS_USED
B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE
C
WHERE
A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME
AND
A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;
?
SQL>column
tablespace_name
format
a18;
SQL>column
Sum_M
format
a12;
SQL>column
Used_M
format
a12;
SQL>column
Free_M
format
a12;
column
pto_M
format
9.99;
SQL>select
s.tablespace_name,ceil(sum(s.bytes/1024/1024))||"M"
Sum_M,ceil(sum(s.UsedSpace/1024/1024))||"M"
Used_M,ceil(sum(s.FreeSpace/1024/1024))||"M"
Free_M,
sum(s.UsedSpace)/sum(s.bytes)
PTUSED
from
(select
b.file_id,b.tablespace_name,b.bytes,
(b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)))
UsedSpace,
sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))
FreeSpace,(sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/(b.bytes))
*
100
FreePercentRatio
from
sys.dba_free_space
a,sys.dba_data_files
b
where
a.file_id(+)=b.file_id
group
by
b.file_id,b.tablespace_name,b.bytes
order
by
b.tablespace_name)
s
group
by
s.tablespace_name
order
by
sum(s.FreeSpace)/sum(s.bytes)
desc;
?
查看数据文件的hwm（可以resize的最小空间）和文件头大小:
SQL>SELECT
v1.file_name,v1.file_id,
num1
totle_space,
num3
free_space,num1-num3
"USED_SPACE(HWM)",
nvl(num2,0)
data_space,
num1-num3-nvl(num2,0)
file_head
FROM
(SELECT
file_name,file_id,SUM(bytes)
num1
FROM
Dba_Data_Files
GROUP
BY
file_name,file_id)
v1,
(SELECT
file_id,SUM(bytes)
num2
FROM
dba_extents
GROUP
BY
file_id)
v2,
(SELECT
file_id,SUM(BYTES)
num3
FROM
DBA_FREE_SPACE
GROUP
BY
file_id)
v3
WHERE
v1.file_id=v2.file_id(+)
AND
v1.file_id=v3.file_id(+);
?
查看数据文件大小及头大小:
SQL>SELECT
v1.file_name,v1.file_id,
num1
totle_space,
num3
free_space,
num1-num3
Used_space,
nvl(num2,0)
data_space,
num1-num3-nvl(num2,0)
file_head
FROM
(SELECT
file_name,file_id,SUM(bytes)
num1
FROM
Dba_Data_Files
GROUP
BY
file_name,file_id)
v1,
(SELECT
file_id,SUM(bytes)
num2
FROM
dba_extents
GROUP
BY
file_id)
v2,
(SELECT
file_id,SUM(BYTES)
num3
FROM
DBA_FREE_SPACE
GROUP
BY
file_id)
v3
WHERE
v1.file_id=v2.file_id(+)
AND
v1.file_id=v3.file_id(+);
(运行以上查询，我们可以如下信息：
Totle_pace:该数据文件的总大小，字节为单位
Free_space:该数据文件的剩于大小，字节为单位
Used_space:该数据文件的已用空间，字节为单位
Data_space:该数据文件中段数据占用空间，也就是数据空间，字节为单位
File_Head:该数据文件头部占用空间，字节为单位)
?
数据库各个表空间增长情况的检查：
SQL>select
A.tablespace_name,(1-(A.total)/B.total)*100
used_percent
From
(select
tablespace_name,sum(bytes)
total
from
dba_free_space
group
by
tablespace_name)
A,(select
tablespace_name,sum(bytes)
total?
from
dba_data_files
group
by
tablespace_name)
B
where
A.tablespace_name=B.tablespace_name;
?
SQL>SELECT
UPPER(F.TABLESPACE_NAME)
"表空间名",
D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB
"表空间大小(M)",
??????
D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB
-
F.TOTAL_BYTES
"已使用空间(M)",
TO_CHAR(ROUND((D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB
-
F.TOTAL_BYTES)
/
D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB
*
100,
2),
"990.99")
"使用比",
F.TOTAL_BYTES
"空闲空间(M)",
??????
F.MAX_BYTES
"最大块(M)"?
FROM
(SELECT
TABLESPACE_NAME,
ROUND(SUM(BYTES)
/
(1024
*
1024),
2)
TOTAL_BYTES,
ROUND(MAX(BYTES)
/
(1024
*
1024),
2)
MAX_BYTES
FROM
SYS.DBA_FREE_SPACE
GROUP
BY
TABLESPACE_NAME)
F,
??????
(SELECT
DD.TABLESPACE_NAME,ROUND(SUM(DD.BYTES)
/
(1024
*
1024),
2)
TOT_GROOTTE_MB
FROM
SYS.DBA_DATA_FILES
DD
?GROUP
BY
DD.TABLESPACE_NAME)
D
WHERE
D.TABLESPACE_NAME
=
F.TABLESPACE_NAME
ORDER
BY
4
DESC;
?
查看各个表空间占用磁盘情况:?
SQL>col
tablespace_name
format
a20;
SQL>select?
b.file_id?
file_ID,
b.tablespace_name?
tablespace_name,
b.bytes?
Bytes,
(b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)))?
used,
?sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))?
free,
?sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/(b.bytes)*100
Percent
????
from
dba_free_space
a,dba_data_files
b?
????
where
a.file_id=b.file_id?
????
group
by
b.tablespace_name,b.file_id,b.bytes?
????
order
by
b.file_id;
?
数据库对象下一扩展与表空间的free扩展值的检查：
SQL>select
a.table_name,
a.next_extent,
a.tablespace_name
from
all_tables
a,(select
tablespace_name,
max(bytes)
as
big_chunk
from
dba_free_space
group
by
tablespace_name
)
f
where
f.tablespace_name
=
a.tablespace_name
and
a.next_extent
>
f.big_chunk
union
select
a.index_name,
a.next_extent,
a.tablespace_name
from
all_indexes
a,(select
tablespace_name,
max(bytes)
as
big_chunk
from
dba_free_space
group
by
tablespace_name
)
f
where
f.tablespace_name
=
a.tablespace_name
and
a.next_extent
>
f.big_chunk;
?
Disk
Read最高的SQL语句的获取：
SQL>select
sql_text
from
(select
*
from
v$sqlarea
order
by
disk_reads)
where
rownum<=5;
?
查找前十条性能差的sql:
SQL>SELECT
*
FROM?
(SELECT
PARSING_USER_ID
?EXECUTIONS,SORTS,COMMAND_TYPE,DISK_READS,
sql_text
FROM?
v$sqlarea
ORDER
BY
disk_reads
DESC)?
?WHERE
ROWNUM<10
;
?
等待时间最多的5个系统等待事件的获取：
SQL>select
*
from
(select
*
from
v$system_event
where
event
not
like
"SQL%"
order
by
total_waits
desc)
where
rownum<=5;
?
查看当前等待事件的会话:
SQL>col
username
format
a10
SQL>set
line
120
SQL>col
EVENT
format
a30
SQL>select
SE.Sid,s.Username,SE.Event,se.Total_Waits,SE.Time_Waited,SE.Average_Wait
from
v$session
S,v$session_event
SE
where
S.Username
is
not
null
and
SE.Sid=S.Sid
and
S.Status="ACTIVE"
and
SE.Event
not
like
"%SQL*Net%";
?
SQL>select
sid,
event,
p1,
p2,
p3,
wait_time,
seconds_in_wait,
state
from
v$session_wait
where
event
not
like
"%message%"
and
event
not
like
"SQL*Net%"
and
event
not
like
"%timer%"
and
event
!=
"wakeup
time
manager";
?
找到与所连接的会话有关的当前等待事件：
SQL>select
SW.Sid,S.Username,SW.Event,SW.Wait_Time,SW.State,SW.Seconds_In_Wait
SEC_IN_WAIT
from
v$session
S,v$session_wait
SW
where
S.Username
is
not
null
and
SW.Sid=S.Sid
and
SW.event
not
like
"%SQL*Net%"
order
by
SW.Wait_Time
Desc;
?
Oracle所有回滚段状态的检查：
SQL>select?
segment_name,owner,tablespace_name,initial_extent,next_extent,dba_rollback_segs.status
from
dba_rollback_segs,v$datafile
where
file_id=file#;
?
Oracle回滚段扩展信息的检查:
SQL>col
name
format
a10
SQL>set
linesize
140????????
SQL>select
substr(name,1,40)
name,extents,rssize,optsize,aveactive,extends,wraps,shrinks,hwmsize
from
v$rollname
rn,v$rollstat
rs
where
(rn.usn=rs.usn);
?
extents:回滚段中的盘区数量。
Rssize:以字节为单位的回滚段的尺寸。
optsize：为optimal参数设定的值。
Aveactive:从回滚段中删除盘区时释放的以字节为单位的平均空间的大小。
Extends:系统为回滚段增加的盘区的次数。
Shrinks:系统从回滚段中清除盘区（即回滚段收缩）的次数。回滚段每次清除盘区时，系统可能会从这个回滚段中消除一个或多个盘区。
Hwmsize:回滚段尺寸的上限，即回滚段曾经达到的最大尺寸。
(如果回滚段平均尺寸接近OPTIMAL的值，那么说明OPTIMAL的值设置正确，如果回滚段动态增长次数或收缩次数很高，那么需要提高OPTIMAL的值)
?
查看回滚段的使用情况，哪个用户正在使用回滚段的资源:
SQL>select
s.username,
u.name
from
v$transaction
t,v$rollstat
r,
v$rollname
u,v$session
s
where
s.taddr=t.addr
and
t.xidusn=r.usn
and
r.usn=u.usn
order
by
s.username;
?
?
如何查看一下某个shared_server正在忙什么:
SQL>SELECT
a.username,a.machine,a.program,a.sid,
a.serial#,a.status,c.piece,c.sql_text
FROM
v$session
a,v$process
b,v$sqltext
c
WHERE
b.spid=13161
AND
b.addr=a.paddr
AND
a.sql_address=c.address(+)
ORDER
BY
c.piece;?
?
数据库共享池性能检查:
SQL>Select
namespace,gets,gethitratio,pins,pinhitratio,reloads,
Invalidations
from
v$librarycache
where
namespace
in
("SQLAREA","TABLE/PROCEDURE","BODY","TRIGGER");
?
检查数据重载比率:
SQL>select
sum(reloads)/sum(pins)*100
"reload
ratio"
from
v$librarycache;
?
检查数据字典的命中率:
SQL>select
1-sum(getmisses)/sum(gets)
"data
dictionary
hit
ratio"
from
v$rowcache;
(对于library
cache,
gethitratio和pinhitratio应该大于90%,对于数据重载比率,reload
ratio应该小于1%,对于数据字典的命中率,data
dictionary
hit
ratio应该大于85%)
?
检查共享内存的剩余情况:
SQL>select
request_misses,
request_failures
from
v$shared_pool_reserved;?
(对于共享内存的剩余情况,
request_misses
和request_failures应该接近0)
?
数据高速缓冲区性能检查:
SQL>select
1-p.value/(b.value+c.value)
"db
buffer
cache
hit
ratio"
from
v$sysstat
p,v$sysstat
b,v$sysstat
c
where
p.name="physical
reads"
and
b.name="db
block
gets"
and
c.name="consistent
gets";
?
检查buffer
pool
HIT_RATIO执行
SQL>select
name,
(physical_reads/(db_block_gets+consistent_gets))
"MISS_HIT_RATIO"
FROM
v$buffer_pool_statistics
WHERE
(db_block_gets+
consistent_gets)>
0;
(正常时db
buffer
cache
hit
ratio
应该大于90%,正常时buffer
pool
MISS_HIT_RATIO
应该小于10%)
?
数据库回滚段性能检查:
检查Ratio执行
SQL>select
sum(waits)*
100
/sum(gets)
"Ratio",
sum(waits)
??
"Waits",
sum(gets)
"Gets"
from
v$rollstat;
检查count/value执行:
SQL>select
class,count
from
v$waitstat
where
class
like
"%undo%";
SQL>select
value
from
v$sysstat
where
name="consistent
gets";
(两者的value值相除)
?
检查average_wait执行:
SQL>select
event,total_waits,time_waited,average_wait
from
v$system_event
where
event
like
"%undo%";
?
检查RBS
header
get
ratio执行:
SQL>select
n.name,s.usn,s.wraps,
decode(s.waits,0,1,1-
s.waits/s.gets)"RBS
?header
get
ratio"
from
v$rollstat
s,v$rollname
n
where
s.usn=n.usn;
(正常时Ratio应该小于1%,
count/value应该小于0.01%,average_wait最好为0，该值越小越好,RBS
header
get
ratio应该大于95%)
?
杀会话的脚本:
SQL>select
A.SID,B.SPID,A.SERIAL#,a.lockwait,A.USERNAME,A.OSUSER,a.logon_time,a.last_call_et/3600
LAST_HOUR,A.STATUS,
"orakill
"||sid||"
"||spid
HOST_COMMAND,
"alter
system
kill
session
"""||A.sid||","||A.SERIAL#||""""
SQL_COMMAND
from
v$session
A,V$PROCESS
B
where
A.PADDR=B.ADDR
AND
SID>6;
?
查看排序段的性能:
SQL>SELECT
name,
value
FROM
v$sysstat
WHERE
name
IN
("sorts
(memory)",
"sorts
(disk)");?
?
查看数据库库对象:
SQL>select
owner,
object_type,
status,
count(*)
count#
from
all_objects
group
by
owner,
object_type,
status;
?
查看数据库的版本:
SQL>Select
*
from
v$version;
?
查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式:
SQL>Select
Created,
Log_Mode,
Log_Mode
From
V$Database;
?
捕捉运行很久的SQL:
SQL>column
username
format
a12
SQL>column
opname
format
a16
SQL>column
progress
format
a8
SQL>select
username,sid,opname,round(sofar*100
/
totalwork,0)
||
"%"
as
progress,time_remaining,sql_text
from
v$session_longops
,
v$sql
where
time_remaining
<>
0
and
sql_address=address
and
sql_hash_value
=
hash_value;
?
查看数据表的参数信息:
SQL>SELECT
partition_name,
high_value,
high_value_length,
tablespace_name,pct_free,
pct_used,
ini_trans,
max_trans,
initial_extent,next_extent,
min_extent,
max_extent,
pct_increase,
FREELISTS,freelist_groups,
LOGGING,
BUFFER_POOL,
num_rows,
blocks,empty_blocks,
avg_space,
chain_cnt,
avg_row_len,
sample_size,last_analyzed
FROM
dba_tab_partitions
--WHERE
table_name
=
:tname
AND
table_owner
=
:towner
ORDER
BY
partition_position;
?
查看还没提交的事务:
SQL>select
*
from
v$locked_object;
SQL>select
*
from
v$transaction;
?
查找object为哪些进程所用:
SQL>select
p.spid,s.sid,s.serial#
serial_num,s.username
user_name,
a.type?
object_type,s.osuser
os_user_name,a.owner,a.object
object_name,decode(sign(48
-
command),1,
to_char(command),
"Action
Code
#"
||
to_char(command)
)
action,
p.program
oracle_process,s.terminal
terminal,s.program
program,s.status
session_status?
from
v$session
s,
v$access
a,
v$process
p?
where
s.paddr
=
p.addr
and
s.type
=
"USER"
and
a.sid
=
s.sid?
and
a.object="SUBSCRIBER_ATTR"order
by
s.username,
s.osuser;
?
查看回滚段:
SQL>col
name
format
a10
SQL>set
linesize
100
SQL>select
rownum,
sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name
Name,
v$rollstat.extents
Extents,
v$rollstat.rssize
Size_in_Bytes,
v$rollstat.xacts
XActs,
v$rollstat.gets
Gets,
v$rollstat.waits
Waits,
v$rollstat.writes
Writes,
sys.dba_rollback_segs.status
status
from
v$rollstat,
sys.dba_rollback_segs,
v$rollname
where
v$rollname.name(+)
=
sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name
and
v$rollstat.usn
(+)
=
v$rollname.usn
order
by
rownum;
?
查看耗资源的进程(top
session):
SQL>select
s.schemaname
schema_name,decode(sign(48
-
command),
1,
to_char(command),
"Action
Code
#"
||
to_char(command)
)
action,status
session_status,s.osuser
os_user_name,s.sid,p.spid,s.serial#
serial_num,nvl(s.username,"[Oracle
process]")
user_name,s.terminal
terminal,s.program
program,st.value
criteria_value
from
v$sesstat
st,v$session
s,v$process
p
where
st.sid
=
s.sid
and
st.statistic#
=
to_number("38")
and?
("ALL"="ALL"
or
s.status
="ALL")
and
p.addr=s.paddr
order
by
st.value
desc,p.spid
asc,s.username
asc,s.osu
ser
asc;
?
根据PID查找相应的语句:
SQL>SELECT
a.username,
??????
a.machine,a.program,a.sid,a.serial#,a.status,c.piece,c.sql_text
?
FROM
v$session
a,v$process
b,v$sqltext
c
WHERE
b.spid=spid
??
AND
b.addr=a.paddr
AND
a.sql_address=c.address(+)
ORDER
BY
c.piece;
?
根据SID找ORACLE的某个进程:
SQL>
select
pro.spid
from
v$session
ses,v$process
pro
where
ses.sid=21
and
ses.paddr=pro.addr;
?
监控当前数据库谁在运行什么SQL语句:
SQL>SELECT
osuser,
username,
sql_text
from
v$session
a,
v$sqltext
b
where
a.sql_address
=b.address
order
by
address,
piece;
?
如何查看数据库中某用户，正在运行什么SQL语句
SQL>SELECT
SQL_TEXT
FROM
V$SQLTEXT
T,
V$SESSION
S
WHERE
T.ADDRESS=S.SQL_ADDRESS
AND
T.HASH_VALUE=S.SQL_HASH_VALUE?
AND
S.MACHINE="XXXXX"
OR
USERNAME="WACOS";
?
如何查出前台正在发出的sql语句:
SQL>
select
user_name,sql_text
from
v$open_cursor
where
sid
in(select
sid
from
(select
sid,serial#
from
v$session
where
status="ACTIVE"));
?
查询当前所执行的SQL语句：
?
SQL>
select
program
,sql_address
from
v$session
where
paddr
in
(select
addr
from
v$process
where
spid=3556);
?
PROGRAM?????????????????????????????????????????
SQL_ADDRESS
------------------------------------------------
----------------
sqlplus@ctc20
(TNS
V1-V3)???????????????????????
000000038FCB1A90
?
SQL>
select
sql_text
from
v$sqlarea
where
address="000000038FCB1A90";
?
找出消耗CPU最高的进程对应的SQL语句：
SQL>set
line
240
SQL>set
verify
off
SQL>column
sid
format
999
SQL>column
pid
format
999
SQL>column
S_#
format
999
SQL>column
username
format
A9
heading
"ORA
User"
SQL>column
program?
format
a29
SQL>column
SQL?????
format
a60
SQL>COLUMN
OSname
format
a9
Heading
"OS
User"
SQL>SELECT
P.pid
pid,S.sid
sid,P.spid
spid,S.username
username,
S.osuser
osname,P.serial#
S_#,P.terminal,P.program?
program,
P.background,S.status,RTRIM(SUBSTR(a.sql_text,
1,
80))?
SQL
FROM
v$process
P,
v$session
S,v$sqlarea
A
WHERE
P.addr
=
s.paddr
AND
S.sql_address
=
a.address
(+)?
AND
P.spid
LIKE
"%&1%";
?
Enter
value
for
1:
PID（这里输入占用CPU最高的进程对应的PID）
?
?
SQL>set
termout
off
SQL>spool
maxcpu.txt
SQL>SELECT
"++"||S.username
username,
RTRIM(REPLACE(a.sql_text,chr(10),""))||";"FROM
v$process
P,
v$session
S,
v$sqlarea
A
WHERE
P.addr
=
s.paddr
AND
S.sql_address
=
a.address
(+)
AND
P.spid
LIKE
"%&&1%";
Enter
value
for
1:
PID（这里输入占用CPU最高的进程对应的PID）
spool
off(这句放在最后执行)
?
CPU用率最高的2条SQL语句的获取
执行：top，通过top获得CPU占用率最高的进程的pid。
SQL>select
sql_text,spid,v$session.program,process
from
v$sqlarea,v$session,v$process
where
v$sqlarea.address=v$session.sql_address
and
v$sqlarea.hash_value=v$session.sql_hash_value
and
v$session.paddr=v$process.addr
and
v$process.spid
in
(pid);
?
SQL>col
machine
format
a30
SQL>col
program
format
a40
SQL>set
line
200
SQL>select
sid,serial#
,username,osuser,machine,program,process,to_char(logon_time,"yyyy/mm/dd
hh24:mi:ss")
from
v$session
where
paddr
in(select
addr
from
v$process
where
spid
in([$spid]));
?
SQL>select
sql_text
from
v$sqltext_with_newlines
where
hash_value=(select
SQL_HASH_VALUE
from
v$session
where
sid=&sid)
order
by
piece;
?
?
查看锁（lock）情况:
SQL>select
/*+
RULE
*/
ls.osuser
os_user_name,
ls.username
user_name,?
decode(ls.type,"RW","Row
wait
enqueue
lock","TM","DML
enqueue
lock","TX","Transaction
enqueue
lock","UL","User
supplied
lock")
lock_type,o.object_name
object,decode(ls.lmode,
1,
null,
2,"Row
Share",3,"Row
Exclusive",4,"Share",5,"Share
Row
Exclusive",6,"Exclusive",null)lock_mode,o.owner,ls.sid,ls.serial#
serial_num,ls.id1,ls.id2
from
sys.dba_objects
o,(select
s.osuser,s.username,l.type,l.lmode,s.sid,s.serial#,l.id1,l.id2
from
v$session
s,v$lock
l
where
s.sid=l.sid)ls
where
o.object_id=ls.id1
and
o.owner<>"SYS"
order
by
o.owner,
o.object_name;
?
SQL>select?
sys.v_$session.osuser,sys.v_$session.machine,v$lock.sid,
sys.v_$session.serial#,decode(v$lock.type,"MR","Media
Recovery",
"RT","Redo
Thread","UN","User
Name","TX",
"Transaction","TM","DML",
"UL","PL/SQL
User
Lock","DX","Distributed
Xaction","CF","Control
File",
"IS","Instance
State","FS","File
Set","IR","Instance
Recovery",
"ST","Disk
Space
Transaction","TS","Temp
Segment","IV","Library
Cache
Invalida-tion","LS","Log
Start
or
Switch","RW","Row
Wait","SQ","Sequence
Number","TE","Extend
Table","TT","Temp
Table","Unknown")
LockType,
rtrim(object_type)
||
"
"
||
rtrim(owner)
||
"."
||
object_name
object_name,decode(lmode,
0,
"None",1,
"Null",2,
"Row-S",3,
"Row-X",4,
"Share",
5,
"S/Row-X",6,
"Exclusive","Unknown")
LockMode,decode(request,
0,
"None",1,
"Null",2,
"Row-S",3,
"Row-X",
4,
"Share",5,
"S/Row-X",
6,
"Exclusive",
"Unknown")
RequestMode,ctime,
block
bfrom
v$lock,
all_objects,
sys.v_$session
where
v$Lock.sid
>
6
and
sys.v_$session.sid
=
v$lock.sid
and
v$lock.id1
=
all_objects.object_id;
?
?
以DBA角色,
查看当前数据库里锁的情况可以用如下SQL语句：
SQL>col
owner
for
a12
SQL>col
object_name
for
a16
SQL>select
b.owner,b.object_name,l.session_id,l.locked_mode
from
v$locked_object
l,
dba_objects
b
where
b.object_id=l.object_id;
SQL>select
t2.username,t2.sid,t2.serial#,t2.logon_time
from
v$locked_object
t1,v$session
t2
where
t1.session_id=t2.sid
order
by
t2.logon_time;
?
SQL>Select
sql_address
from
v$session
where
sid=;
SQL>Select
*
from
v$sqltext
where
address=;
?
SQL>select
COMMAND_TYPE,PIECE,sql_text
from
v$sqltext
where
address=(select
sql_address
from
v$session
a
where
sid=18);???
?
SQL>select
object_id
from
v$locked_object;
SQL>select
object_name,object_type
from
dba_objects
where
object_id=’’;
如果有长期出现的一列，可能是没有释放的锁。我们可以用下面SQL语句杀掉长期没有释放非正常的锁：
SQL>alter
system
kill
session
"sid,serial#";
查看等待（wait）情况:
SQL>SELECT
v$waitstat.class,v$waitstat.count
count,
SUM(v$sysstat.value)
sum_value
FROM
v$waitstat,v$sysstat
WHERE
v$sysstat.name
IN("db
block
gets","consistent
gets")
group
by
v$waitstat.class,v$waitstat.count;
查看sga情况:
SQL>SELECT
NAME,
BYTES
FROM
SYS.V_$SGASTAT
ORDER
BY
NAME
ASC;
查看catched
object:
SQL>SELECT
owner,name,db_link,namespace,type,sharable_mem,loads,?????????????
executions,locks,pins,kept
FROM
v$db_object_cache;
??????????
查看V$SQLAREA:
SQL>SELECT
SQL_TEXT,SHARABLE_MEM,PERSISTENT_MEM,RUNTIME_MEM,SORTS,
VERSION_COUNT,LOADED_VERSIONS,OPEN_VERSIONS,USERS_OPENING,EXECUTIONS,
USERS_EXECUTING,LOADS,FIRST_LOAD_TIME,INVALIDATIONS,PARSE_CALLS,
DISK_READS,BUFFER_GETS,ROWS_PROCESSED
FROM
V$SQLAREA;
?
查看object分类数量:
select
decode(o.type#,1,"INDEX",2,"TABLE",3,"CLUSTER",4,"VIEW",5,"SYNONYM",6,
"SEQUENCE","OTHER")
object_type
,
count(*)
quantity
from
sys.obj$
o
where
o.type#
>
1
group
by
decode(o.type#,1,"INDEX",2,"TABLE",3,"CLUSTER"
,4,"VIEW",5,"SYNONYM",6,"SEQUENCE","OTHER")
union
select
"COLUMN",
count(*)
from
sys.col$
union
select
"DB
LINK"
,
count(*)
from
all_objects;
有关connection的相关信息:
1）查看有哪些用户连接
select
s.osuser
os_user_name,decode(sign(48
-
command),1,to_char(command),
?"Action
Code
#"
||
to_char(command))action,p.program
oracle_process,
status
session_status,s.terminal
terminal,s.program
program,??????
s.username
user_name,s.fixed_table_sequence
activity_meter,""query,??
0
memory,0
max_memory,0
cpu_usage,s.sid,s.serial#
serial_num???
from
v$session
s,v$process
p
where
s.paddr=p.addr
and
s.type
=
"USER"?
?order
by
s.username,
s.osuser;2）根据v.sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况
select
n.name,v.value,n.class,n.statistic#?
from
v$statname
n,v$sesstat
v
where
v.sid=18
and
v.statistic#
=
n.statistic#
order
by
n.class,
n.statistic#;3）根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的sql
select
/*+
PUSH_SUBQ
*/
command_type,sql_text,sharable_mem,
persistent_mem,runtime_mem,sorts,version_count,
loaded_versions,open_versions,users_opening,executions,
users_executing,loads,first_load_time,invalidations,
parse_calls,disk_reads,buffer_gets,rows_processed,sysdate
start_time,sysdate
finish_time,">"||
address
sql_address,
"N"
status
from
v$sqlarea
where
address
=
(select
sql_address
from
v$session
where
sid=8);
?
根据pid查看sql语句:
SQL>select
sql_text
from
v$sql
where
address
in
(select
sql_address
from
v$session
where
sid
in
(select
sid
from
v$session
where
paddr
in
(select
addr
from
v$process
where
spid=&pid)));
?
查询表空间使用情况:
SQL>select
a.tablespace_name
"表空间名称",
100-round((nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/a.bytes_alloc)*100,2)
"占用率(%)",
round(a.bytes_alloc/1024/1024,2)
"容量(M)",
round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2)
"空闲(M)",
round((a.bytes_alloc-nvl(b.bytes_free,0))/1024/1024,2)
"使用(M)",
Largest
"最大扩展段(M)",to_char(sysdate,"yyyy-mm-dd
hh24:mi:ss")
"采样时间"
from
(select
f.tablespace_name,sum(f.bytes)
bytes_alloc,
sum(decode(f.autoextensible,"YES",f.maxbytes,"NO",f.bytes))
maxbytes
from
dba_data_files
f
group
by
tablespace_name)
a,
(select
f.tablespace_name,sum(f.bytes)
bytes_free
from
dba_free_space
f
group
by
tablespace_name)
b,
(select
round(max(ff.length)*16/1024,2)
Largest,ts.name
tablespace_name
from
sys.fet$
ff,
sys.file$
tf,sys.ts$
ts
where
ts.ts#=ff.ts#
and
ff.file#=tf.relfile#
and
ts.ts#=tf.ts#
group
by
ts.name,
tf.blocks)
c
where
a.tablespace_name
=
b.tablespace_name
and
a.tablespace_name
=
c.tablespace_name;
?
SQL>SELECT
UPPER(F.TABLESPACE_NAME)
"表空间名",
??????
D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB
"表空间大小(M)",
??????
D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB
-
F.TOTAL_BYTES
"已使用空间(M)",??????
TO_CHAR(ROUND((D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB
-
F.TOTAL_BYTES)
/
D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB
*
100,
????????????????????
2),
??????????????
"990.99")
"使用比",
??????
F.TOTAL_BYTES
"空闲空间(M)",
??????
F.MAX_BYTES
"最大块(M)"
?
FROM
(SELECT
TABLESPACE_NAME,
??????????????
ROUND(SUM(BYTES)
/
(1024
*
1024),
2)
TOTAL_BYTES,
??????????????
ROUND(MAX(BYTES)
/
(1024
*
1024),
2)
MAX_BYTES
?????????
FROM
SYS.DBA_FREE_SPACE
????????
GROUP
BY
TABLESPACE_NAME)
F,
??????
(SELECT
DD.TABLESPACE_NAME,
??????????????
ROUND(SUM(DD.BYTES)
/
(1024
*
1024),
2)
TOT_GROOTTE_MB
?????????
FROM
SYS.DBA_DATA_FILES
DD
????????
GROUP
BY
DD.TABLESPACE_NAME)
D
?WHERE
D.TABLESPACE_NAME
=
F.TABLESPACE_NAME
?ORDER
BY
4
DESC;
?
查询表空间的碎片程度:
?
SQL>select
tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name)
from
dba_free_space
group
by
tablespace_name
having
count(tablespace_name)>10;
?
SQL>alter
tablespace
name
coalesce;
SQL>alter
table
table_name
deallocate
unused;
?
SQL>create
or
replace
view
ts_blocks_v
as
select
tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,"free
space"
segment_name
from
dba_free_space
union
all
select
tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name
from
dba_extents;
?
SQL>select
*
from
ts_blocks_v;
?
SQL>select
tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id)
from
dba_free_space
group
by
tablespace_name;
?
SQL>select
"alter
tablespace
"||TABLESPACE_NAME||"
coalesce;"
from
DBA_FREE_SPACE_COALESCED
where
PERCENT_EXTENTS_COALESCED<100
or
PERCENT_BLOCKS_COALESCED<100;
?
由于自由空间碎片是由几部分组成，如范围数量、最大范围尺寸等，我们可
用fsfi--free
space
fragmentation
index（自由空间碎片索引）值来直观体现:fsfi=100*sqrt(max(extent)/sum(extents))*1/sqrt(sqrt(count(extents)))
rem
fsfi
value
compute
rem
fsfi.sql
column
fsfi
format
999,99
select
tablespace_name,sqrt(max(blocks)/sum(blocks))*
(100/sqrt(sqrt(count(blocks))))
fsfi
from
dba_free_space
group
by
tablespace_name
order
by
1;
spool
fsfi.rep;/
spool
off;
?
可以看出，fsfi的最大可能值为100（一个理想的单文件表空间）。随着范
围的增加，fsfi值缓慢下降，而随着最大范围尺寸的减少，fsfi值会迅速下降。
比如，在某数据库运行脚本fsfi.sql,得到以下fsfi值：
tablespace_name
fsfi
------------------------------
-------
rbs
74.06
system
100.00
temp
22.82
tools
75.79
users
100.00
user_tools
100.00
ydcx_data
47.34
ydcx_idx
57.19
ydjf_data
33.80
ydjf_idx
75.55
----
统计出了数据库的fsfi值，就可以把它作为一个可比参数。在一个有着足够
有效自由空间，且fsfi值超过30的表空间中，很少会遇见有效自由空间的问题。
当一个空间将要接近可比参数时，就需要做碎片整理了。
?
?
查询有哪些数据库实例在运行:
SQL>select
inst_name
from
v$active_instances;
?
以DBA角色,
查看当前数据库里锁的情况：
SQL>select
object_id,session_id,locked_mode
from
v$locked_object;
SQL>select
t2.username,t2.sid,t2.serial#,t2.logon_time?
from?
v$locked_object
t1,v$session
t2
where
t1.session_id=t2.sid
order
by
t2.logon_time;
?
查看表是否是分区表：
例子：
SQL>select
TABLE_NAME,PARTITIONED
from
user_tables
where
TABLE_NAME="LOCALUSAGE";
TABLE_NAME????????????????????
PAR
------------------------------
---??????????
---------
LOCALUSAGE????????????????????
YES
?
查看分区表的分区名和相应的表空间名：
SQL>select
TABLE_NAME,
PARTITION_NAME,TABLESPACE_NAME
from
user_tab_partitions
where
table_name
like
‘%USAGE%’;
?
查看索引是否是分区索引：
SQL>SELECT
INDEX_NAME,
TABLE_NAME,
STATUS,
PARTITIONED
FROM
USER_INDEXES
WHERE
TABLE_NAME
LIKE
"%USAGE";
如果返回的PATITIONED为YES，请再执行如下语句来查询分区索引的类型：SELECT
index_name,table_name,locality
FROM
user_part_indexes;
?
Dual是Oracle中的一个实际存在的表，任何用户均可读取，常用在没有目标表的Select中.
查看系统时间：
SQL>select
to_char(sysdate,"yy-mm-dd
hh24:mi:ss")
shijian
from
dual;
?
查看索引段中extent的数量：
SQL>select
segment_name,count(*)
from
dba_extents
where
segment_type="INDEX"
and
owner="SCOTT"
group
by
segment_name;
?
查看系统表中的用户索引（用来检查在system表空间内其他用户索引的存在）：
SQL>select
count(*)
from
dba_indexes
where
tablespace_name=’SYSTEM’
and
owner
NOT
IN(‘SYS’,’SYSTEM’);
?
查看wacos表空间内的索引的扩展情况：
SQL>SELECT
SUBSTR(segment_name,1,20)
"SEGMENT
NAME",bytes,
COUNT(bytes)
FROM
dba_extents
WHERE
segment_name
IN(
SELECT
index_name
FROM
dba_indexes
WHERE
tablespace_name
=
"WACOS")
GROUP
BY
segment_name,bytes
ORDER
BY
segment_name;
?
查看表空间数据文件的读写性能:
SQL>Select
name,phyrds,phywrts,avgiotim,miniotim,maxiowtm,maxiortm
from
v$filestat,v$datafile
where
v$filestat.file#=v$datafile.file#;
?
SQL>Select
fs.name
name,f.phyrds,f.phyblkrd,f.phywrts,f.phyblkwrt
,f.readtim,f.writetim
from
v$filestat
f,
v$datafile
fs
where
f.file#
=
fs.file#
order
by
fs.name;
(注意：如果phyblkrd与phyrds很接近的话，则表明这个表空间中存在全表扫描的表，这些表需要调整索引或优化SQL语句)
?
转换表空间为local方式管理:
SQL>
exec
sys.dbms_space_admin.tablespace_migrate_to_local("TBS_TEST")
;
?
查看一下哪个用户在用临时段:
SQL>SELECT
username,sid,serial#,sql_address,machine,program,tablespace,segtype,
contents
FROM
v$session
se,v$sort_usage
su
WHERE
se.saddr=su.session_addr;?????
?
查看占io较大的正在运行的session:
SQL>SELECT
se.sid,se.serial#,pr.SPID,se.username,se.status,se.terminal,se.program,?
se.MODULE,se.sql_address,st.event,st.p1text,si.physical_reads,si.block_changes
FROM
v$session
se,v$session_wait
st,v$sess_io
si,v$process
pr
WHERE
st.sid=se.sid?
AND
st.sid=si.sid
AND
se.PADDR=pr.ADDR
AND
se.sid>6
AND
st.wait_time=0
AND
st.event
NOT
LIKE
"%SQL%"
ORDER
BY
physical_reads
DESC;
?
查找前十条性能差的sql:
SQL>SELECT
*
FROM(SELECT
PARSING_USER_ID
EXECUTIONS,SORTS,COMMAND_TYPE,DISK_READS,sql_text
FROM?
v$sqlarea
ORDER
BY
disk_reads
DESC)
WHERE
ROWNUM<10;
?
删除用户下所有表的语句:
SQL>select
"drop
table
"||table_name||"
cascade
constraints;"
from
user_tables;
?
?
查看LOCK，并杀掉会话：
SQL>set
linesize
132
pagesize
66
?
break
on
Kill
on
username
on
terminal
column
Kill
heading
"Kill
String"
format
a13
column
res
heading
"Resource
Type"
format
999
column
id1
format
9999990
column
id2
format
9999990
column
lmode
beading
"Lock
Held"
format
a20
column
request
heading
"Lock
Requested"
format
a20
column
serial#
format
99999
column
username
format
a10
heading
"Username"
column
terminal
heading
Term
format
a6
column
tab
format
a35
heading
"table
Name"
column
owner
format
a9
column
Address
format
a18
?
SQL>select
nvl(S.USERNAME,"Internal")
username,
??????
nvl(S.TERMINAL,"None")
terminal,
??????
L.SID||","||S.SERIAL#
Kill,
??????
U1.NAME||","||substr(T1.NAME,1,20)
tab,
??????
decode(L.LMODE,
1,"No
Lock",
????????????????????
2,"Row
Share",
????????????????????
3,"Row
Exclusive",
????????????????????
4,"Share",
????????????????????
5,"Share
Row
Exclusive",
????????????????????
6,"Exclusive",null)
lmode,
??????
decode(L.REQUEST,1,"No
Lock",
???????????????????????
2,"Row
Share",
???????????????????????
3,"Row
Exclusive",
???????????????????????
4,"Share",
???????????????????????
5,"Share
Row
Exclusive",
???????????????????????
6,"Exclusive",null)
request
??????
from
V$LOCK
L,
???????????
V$SESSION
S,
???????????
SYS.USER$
U1,
???????????
SYS.OBJ$?
T1
??????
where
L.SID
=
S.SID
??????
and
T1.OBJ#
=
decode(L.ID2,0,L.ID1,L.ID2)
??????
and
U1.USER#=
T1.OWNER#
??????
and
S.TYPE
!=
"BACKGROUND"
??????
order
by
1,2,5;
?
?
--alter
system
kill
session
"
,
";
?
column
username
format
A15
column
sid?????
format
9990
heading
SID
column
type????
format
A4
column
lmode???
format
990?
heading
"HELD"
column
request?
format
990?
heading
"REQ"
column
id1?????
format
9999990
column
id2????
format
9999990
break
on
id1
skip
1
dup
spool
tfslckwt.lst
?
SQL>select
sn.username,
??????
m.sid,
??????
m.type,
??????
DECODE(m.lmode,0,"None",
???????????????????
1,"Null",
???????????????????
2,"Row
Share",
???????????????????
3,"Row
Excl.",
???????????????????
4,"Share",
???????????????????
5,"S/Row
Excl.",
???????????????????
6,"Exclusive",
?????????????
lmode,ltrim(to_char(lmode,"990")))
lmode,
?????
DECODE(m.request,0,"None",
?????????????????????
1,"Null",
?????????????????????
2,"Row
Share",
?????????????????????
3,"Row
Excl.",
?????????????????????
4,"Share",
?????????????????????
5,"S/Row
Excl.",
?????????????????????
6,"Exclusive",
?????????????????????
request,ltrim(to_char(m.request,"990")))
request,
?????
m.id1,
?????
m.id2
?????
from
v$session
sn,
??????????
v$lock???
m
?????
where
(sn.sid
=
m.sid
and
m.request!=
0)
??????
or??
(sn.sid
=
m.sid
and
????????????
m.request
=
0
and
lmode
!=
4
and
????????????
(id1
,id2)
in
(select
s.id1,
?????????????????????????????????
s.id2
?????????????????????????????
from
v$lock
s
????????????
where
request
!=
0
and
s.id1
=
m.id1
and
s.id2
=
m.id2)
???????????
)
??????
order
by
id1,id2,m.request;
??????
spool
off
??????
clear
breaks
?
查看WACOS表空间下所有的索引:
SQL>select?
"analyze
index
"||segment_name||"
validate
structure;"
from
dba_segments
where
tablespace_name=’WACOS’and?
segment_type=’INDEX’;
?
怎样识别IO竞争和负载平衡:
SQL>col
文件名
format
a35
SQL>select
???
df.name
文件名,
???
fs.phyrds
读次数,
???
fs.phywrts
写次数,
???
(fs.readtim/decode(fs.phyrds,0,-1,fs.phyrds))
读时间,
???
(fs.writetim/decode(fs.phywrts,0,-1,fs.phywrts))
写时间
from
???
v$datafile
df,
???
v$filestat
fs
where
df.file#=fs.file#
order
by
df.name
/
文件名??????????????????????????????????????????
读次数????
写次数????
读时间????
写时间
--------------------------------------------
----------
----------
----------
----------
C:￥ORACLE￥ORADATA￥ORADB￥DR01.DBF??????????????????
885???????
883?????????
0?????????
0
C:￥ORACLE￥ORADATA￥ORADB￥INDX01.DBF????????????????
885???????
883?????????
0?????????
0
C:￥ORACLE￥ORADATA￥ORADB￥OEM_REPOSITORY.ORA????????
885???????
883?????????
0?????????
0
C:￥ORACLE￥ORADATA￥ORADB￥RBS01.DBF?????????????????
925?????
22306?????????
0?????????
0
C:￥ORACLE￥ORADATA￥ORADB￥SYSTEM01.DBF????????????
50804????
155025?????????
0?????????
0
C:￥ORACLE￥ORADATA￥ORADB￥TEMP01.DBF????????????????
887???????
894?????????
0?????????
0
C:￥ORACLE￥ORADATA￥ORADB￥TOOLS01.DBF???????????????
886???????
892?????????
0?????????
0
C:￥ORACLE￥ORADATA￥ORADB￥USERS01.DBF???????????????
885???????
883?????????
0?????????
0
?
已选择8行。
?
其中：ORADB为数据库名，因为本例中数据库使默认安装，没有进行过优化、调整，
?????
所以，一直在system表空间上做操作，导致system表空间所在的数据文件SYSTEM01.DBF被读写的次数最多，
?????
这也说明了，尽量不要在system表空间做与系统无关的操作，应给各个用户建立单独的表空间
?
?
查看哪些session正在使用哪些回滚段:
SQL>col
回滚段名
format
a10
SQL>col
SID
format
9990
SQL>col
用户名
format
a10
SQL>col
操作程序
format
a80
SQL>col
status
format
a6
trunc
?
SQL>SELECT?
r.name
回滚段名,
???
s.sid,
???
s.serial#,
???
s.username
用户名,
???
t.status,
???
t.cr_get,
???
t.phy_io,
???
t.used_ublk,
???
t.noundo,
???
substr(s.program,
1,
78)
操作程序
FROM??
sys.v_$session
s,sys.v_$transaction
t,sys.v_$rollname
r
WHERE?
t.addr
=
s.taddr
and
t.xidusn
=
r.usn
ORDER?
BY
t.cr_get,t.phy_io;
?
45.检查谁Lock了什么对象:
set
line
200
col
"O/S-User"
format
a10
col
"Ora-User"
format
a10
col
"Obj
Locked"
format
a30
select
/*+RULE*/s.machine,
s.osuser
"O/S-User",
s.username
"Ora-User",
s.sid
"Session-ID",
s.serial#
"Serial",
s.process
"Process-ID",
s.status
"Status",l.name
"Obj
Locked",l.mode_held
"Lock
Mode"
from
v$session
s,dba_dml_locks
l,v$process
p
where
l.session_id
=
s.sid
and
p.addr
=
s.paddr
/造成等待的LOCK的信息，比如LOCK类型等：
SQL>col
event
format
a30
SQL>set
line
160
SQL>col
machine
format
a10
SQL>col
username
format
a15
SQL>select
b.sid,b.serial#,b.username,machine,event,wait_time,chr(bitand(p1,-16777216)/16777215)||chr(bitand(p1,
16711680)/65535)
"Enqueue
Type"
from
v$session_wait
a,v$session
b
where
event
not
like
"SQL*N%"
and
event
not
like
"rdbms%"
and
a.sid=b.sid
and
b.sid>8
and
event="enqueue"
order
by
username;List
of
the
locked
Oracle
objects
SQL>set
line
120
SQL>column
object_name?
format
a32
SQL>column
OS_USER_NAME
format
a12
SQL>column
orauser?????
format
a12
column
sql_text????
format
a32
column
serial#?????
format
999999
column
sid?????????
format
99999
SQL>SELECT
OS_USER_NAME,
ORACLE_USERNAME
AS
orauser,
s.sid,
o.object_name,
??
o.object_type,
s.serial#,
a.sql_text
??
FROM
v$locked_object
l,
dba_objects
o,
v$session
s,
v$sqlarea
a
??
WHERE
l.object_id
=
o.object_id
??
AND??
s.SQL_ADDRESS???
=
a.address
??
AND
l.SESSION_ID
=
s.sid;
??
SELECT
"ALTER
SYSTEM
KILL
SESSION
"""||TO_CHAR(s.sid)||","||TO_CHAR(s.serial#)||""";"
?
??
AS?
"Statement
to
kill"
??
FROM
v$locked_object
l,
dba_objects
o,
v$session
s
??
WHERE
l.object_id
=
o.object_id
??
AND
l.SESSION_ID
=
s.sid;
?
?
oracle数据库性能监控的SQL
监控事例的等待
SQL>select
event,sum(decode(wait_Time,0,0,1))
"Prev",sum(decode(wait_Time,0,1,0))
"Curr",count(*)
"Tot"
from
v$session_Wait
group
by
event
order
by
4;
回滚段的争用情况
SQL>select
name,
waits,
gets,
waits/gets
"Ratio"
from
v$rollstat
a,
v$rollname
b
where
a.usn
=
b.usn;?
监控表空间的
I/O
比例
SQL>select
df.tablespace_name
name,df.file_name
"file",f.phyrds
pyr,
f.phyblkrd
pbr,f.phywrts
pyw,
f.phyblkwrt
pbw
from
v$filestat
f,
dba_data_files
df
where
f.file#
=
df.file_id
order
by
df.tablespace_name;
监控文件系统的
I/O
比例
SQL>select
substr(a.file#,1,2)
"#",
substr(a.name,1,30)
"Name",?a.status,a.bytes,b.phyrds,b.phywrts
from
v$datafile
a,
v$filestat
b
where
a.file#
=
b.file#;?
在某个用户下找所有的索引
SQL>select
user_indexes.table_name,
user_indexes.index_name,uniqueness,
column_name
from
user_ind_columns,
user_indexes
where
user_ind_columns.index_name
=
user_indexes.index_name
and
user_ind_columns.table_name
=
user_indexes.table_name?
order
by
user_indexes.table_type,
user_indexes.table_name,
user_indexes.index_name,
column_position;
监控
SGA
的命中率
SQL>select
a.value
+
b.value
"logical_reads",
c.value
"phys_reads",
round(100
*
((a.value+b.value)-c.value)
/
(a.value+b.value))
"BUFFER
HIT
RATIO"
from
v$sysstat
a,
v$sysstat
b,
v$sysstat
c
where
a.statistic#
=
38
and
b.statistic#
=
39
and
c.statistic#
=
40;?
监控
SGA
中字典缓冲区的命中率
SQL>select
parameter,
gets,Getmisses
,
getmisses/(gets+getmisses)*100
"miss
ratio",(1-(sum(getmisses)/
(sum(gets)+sum(getmisses))))*100
"Hit
ratio"
from
v$rowcache
where
gets+getmisses
<>0
group
by
parameter,
gets,
getmisses;?
监控
SGA
中共享缓存区的命中率，应该小于1%
SQL>select
sum(pins)
"Total
Pins",
sum(reloads)
"Total
Reloads",
sum(reloads)/sum(pins)
*100
libcache
from
v$librarycache;
SQL>select
sum(pinhits-reloads)/sum(pins)
"hit
radio",sum(reloads)/sum(pins)
"reload
percent"
from
v$librarycache;
显示所有数据库对象的类别和大小
SQL>select
count(name)
num_instances
,type
,sum(source_size)
source_size,sum(parsed_size)
parsed_size
,sum(code_size)
code_size
,sum(error_size)
error_size,sum(source_size)
+sum(parsed_size)
+sum(code_size)
+sum(error_size)
size_required
from
dba_object_size
group
by
type
order
by
2;
监控
SGA
中重做日志缓存区的命中率，应该小于1%
SQL>SELECT
name,
gets,
misses,
immediate_gets,
immediate_misses,
Decode(gets,0,0,misses/gets*100)
ratio1,
Decode(immediate_gets+immediate_misses,0,0,
immediate_misses/(immediate_gets+immediate_misses)*100)
ratio2
FROM
v$latch
WHERE
name
IN
("redo
allocation",
"redo
copy");?
监控内存和硬盘的排序比率，最好使它小于
.10，增加
sort_area_size?
SQL>SELECT
name,
value
FROM
v$sysstat
WHERE
name
IN
("sorts
(memory)",
"sorts
(disk)");?监控当前数据库谁在运行什么SQL语句
SQL>SELECT
osuser,
username,
sql_text
from
v$session
a,
v$sqltext
b
where
a.sql_address
=b.address
order
by
address,
piece;
监控字典缓冲区
SQL>SELECT
(SUM(PINS
-
RELOADS))
/
SUM(PINS)
"LIB
CACHE"
FROM
V$LIBRARYCACHE;
SQL>SELECT
(SUM(GETS
-
GETMISSES
-
USAGE
-
FIXED))
/
SUM(GETS)
"ROW
CACHE"
FROM
V$ROWCACHE;
SQL>SELECT
SUM(PINS)
"EXECUTIONS",
SUM(RELOADS)
"CACHE
MISSES
WHILE
EXECUTING"
FROM
V$LIBRARYCACHE;(后者除以前者,此比率小于1%,接近0%为好)
SQL>SELECT
SUM(GETS)
"DICTIONARY
GETS",SUM(GETMISSES)
"DICTIONARY
CACHE
GET
MISSES"
FROM
V$ROWCACHE;
查找ORACLE字符集
SQL>select
*
from
sys.props$
where
name="NLS_CHARACTERSET";?
监控
MTS
SQL>select
busy/(busy+idle)
"shared
servers
busy"
from
v$dispatcher;
(此值大于0.5时，参数需加大)SQL>select
sum(wait)/sum(totalq)
"dispatcher
waits"
from
v$queue
where
type="dispatcher";
SQL>select
count(*)
from
v$dispatcher;
SQL>select
servers_highwater
from
v$mts;
(servers_highwater接近mts_max_servers时，参数需加大)
碎片程度
SQL>select
tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name)
from
dba_free_space
group
by
tablespace_name
having
count(tablespace_name)>10;
SQL>alter
tablespace
name
coalesce;
SQL>alter
table
name
deallocate
unused;
SQL>create
or
replace
view
ts_blocks_v
as
select
tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,"free
space"
segment_name
from
dba_free_space
???
union
all
???
select
tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name
from
dba_extents;
???
select
*
from
ts_blocks_v;
SQL>select
tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id)
from
dba_free_space
group
by
tablespace_name;
查看碎片程度高的表
SQL>SELECT
segment_name
table_name,COUNT(*)
extents
FROM
dba_segments
WHERE
owner
NOT
IN
("SYS",
"SYSTEM")
GROUP
BY
segment_name
HAVING
COUNT(*)=(SELECT
MAX(COUNT(*))
FROM
dba_segments
GROUP
BY
segment_name);
17.
表、索引的存储情况检查
SQL>select
segment_name,sum(bytes),count(*)
ext_quan
from
dba_extents
where
tablespace_name="&tablespace_name"
and
segment_type="TABLE"
group
by
tablespace_name,segment_name;
SQL>select
segment_name,count(*)
from
dba_extents
where
segment_type="INDEX"
and
owner="&owner"
group
by
segment_name;
18、找使用CPU多的用户session
SQL>select
a.sid,spid,status,substr(a.program,1,40)
prog,a.terminal,osuser,value/60/100
value
from
v$session
a,v$process
b,v$sesstat
c
where
c.statistic#=12
and
c.sid=a.sid
and
a.paddr=b.addr
order
by
value
desc;
(12是cpu
used
by
this
session)
?
表空间统计
?A、???
脚本说明：
这是我最常用的一个脚本，用它可以显示出数据库中所有表空间的状态，如表空间的大小、已使用空间、使用的百分比、空闲空间数及现在表空间的最大块是多大。
B、脚本原文:
SELECT
upper(f.tablespace_name)
"表空间名",
??????
d.Tot_grootte_Mb
"表空间大小(M)",
??????
d.Tot_grootte_Mb
-
f.total_bytes
"已使用空间(M)",
??????
to_char(round((d.Tot_grootte_Mb
-
f.total_bytes)
/
d.Tot_grootte_Mb
*
100,2),"990.99")
"使用比",
??????
f.total_bytes
"空闲空间(M)",
??????
f.max_bytes
"最大块(M)"
?FROM?????
???
(SELECT
tablespace_name,
???????????
round(SUM(bytes)/(1024*1024),2)
total_bytes,
???????????
round(MAX(bytes)/(1024*1024),2)
max_bytes
?????
FROM
sys.dba_free_space
????
GROUP
BY
tablespace_name)
f,
???
(SELECT
dd.tablespace_name,
round(SUM(dd.bytes)/(1024*1024),2)
Tot_grootte_Mb
?????
FROM??
sys.dba_data_files
dd
?????
GROUP
BY
dd.tablespace_name)
d
WHERE
d.tablespace_name
=
f.tablespace_name???
ORDER
BY
4
DESC;
?
查看无法扩展的段
A、?
脚本说明：
ORACLE对一个段比如表段或索引无法扩展时，取决的并不是表空间中剩余的空间是多少，而是取于这些剩余空间中最大的块是否够表比索引的“NEXT”值大，所以有时一个表空间剩余几个G的空闲空间，在你使用时ORACLE还是提示某个表或索引无法扩展，就是由于这一点，这时说明空间的碎片太多了。这个脚本是找出无法扩展的段的一些信息。
B、脚本原文：
SELECT
segment_name,
????????????
segment_type,
????????????
owner,
????????????
a.tablespace_name
"tablespacename",
????????????
initial_extent/1024
"inital_extent(K)",
????????????
next_extent/1024
"next_extent(K)",
????????????
pct_increase,
????????????
b.bytes/1024
"tablespace
max
free
space(K)",
????????????
b.sum_bytes/1024
"tablespace
total
free
space(K)"
?
FROM
dba_segments
a,
??????
(SELECT
tablespace_name,MAX(bytes)
bytes,SUM(bytes)
sum_bytes
FROM
dba_free_space
GROUP
BY
tablespace_name)
b
?WHERE
a.tablespace_name=b.tablespace_name
??
AND
next_extent>b.bytes
?ORDER
BY
4,3,1;
?
查看段(表段、索引段)所使用空间的大小
A、?
脚本说明：
有时你可能想知道一个表或一个索引占用多少M的空间，这个脚本就是满足你的要求的，把<>中的内容替换一下就可以了。
B、脚本原文：
SELECT
owner,
?????????????
segment_name,
?????????????
SUM(bytes)/1024/1024
???
FROM
dba_segments
??
WHERE
owner=
???????
And
segment_name=
?
GROUP
BY
owner,segment_name
?
ORDER
BY
3
DESC;
?
查看数据库中的表锁
A、?
脚本说明：
?这方面的语句的样式是很多的，各式一样，不过我认为这个是最实用的，不信你就用一下，无需多说，锁是每个DBA一定都涉及过的内容，当你相知道某个表被哪个session锁定了，你就用到了这个脚本。
B、脚本原文：
?
SELECT
A.OWNER,??
??????????????
A.OBJECT_NAME,??
??????????????
B.XIDUSN,??
?????????????
B.XIDSLOT,??
?????????????
B.XIDSQN,??
?????????????
B.SESSION_ID,??
?????????????
B.ORACLE_USERNAME,??
?????????????
B.OS_USER_NAME,??
?????????????
B.PROCESS,??
?????????????
B.LOCKED_MODE,??
?????????????
C.MACHINE,??
?????????????
C.STATUS,??
?????????????
C.SERVER,??
?????????????
C.SID,??
?????????????
C.SERIAL#,??
?????????????
C.PROGRAM?
???
FROM
ALL_OBJECTS
A,??
????????
V$LOCKED_OBJECT
B,??
????????
SYS.GV_$SESSION
C
??
WHERE
(
A.OBJECT_ID
=
B.OBJECT_ID
)
????
AND
(B.PROCESS
=
C.PROCESS
)
??
--?
AND?
??
ORDER
BY
1,2;??
?
处理存储过程被锁
A、?
脚本说明：
??
实际过程中可能你要重新编译某个存储过程理总是处于等待状态，最后会报无法锁定对象，这时你就可以用这个脚本找到锁定过程的那个sid，需要注意的是查v$access这个视图本来就很慢，需要一些耐心。
B、脚本原文：
SELECT
*
FROM
V$ACCESS
WHERE
owner=
owner>
And
object=name>;
?
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